Dry Ingredients for Dogs

All-purpose flour: Do not use self-rising flour. These recipes can however be interchanged with whole-wheat flour. The ideal is to use whole-wheat flour though as it provides better nutrition and has few chemicals than normal flour. Flour or (all purpose flour) is a bleached or unbleached flour that is processed.

Baking powder: Baking powder is a mix of baking soda, cornstarch, and cream of tartar. It is a leavening powder that can be either double acting or single acting, both of which are easily available.

Baking soda: Baking soda is also known as bicarbonate of soda and it is used for leavening baked foods. Baking soda lets off gas bubbles when it is mixed with acidic products and this makes the dough rise. Make sure to always put baking soda in with other dry ingredients and to add it in before putting the liquid into the ingredients.

Biscuit mix: Biscuit mix can be used as a substitute.

Brewer's yeast: Brewer's yeast is a special yeast that has a high content of B complex vitamins. However it is not intended to use as a leavening agent. There are many health food stores that sell nutritional yeast and it can be used as a substitute. 

Bone meal: Bone meal looks like flour and it consists of ground of bone of cattle. It has calcium in it, phosphorous as well as other suggested minerals that are good for a dog's diet. There are some concerns though about scrapie and BSE and this makes it important to choose the product very carefully.

Buckwheat flour: This flour is made out of crushed herbs from the genus Fagopyrum.

Bulgur wheat: Bulgur wheat is made out of whole-wheat grains but does not have the bran that has been partially steamed and then ground.

Cornbread mix or corn muffin: These consist of dry commercial products of which corn muffins or cornbread can be made very easily. There isn't any substitute for these mixes.

Cracked wheat: Cracked wheat is a fine-grained product that is made by crushing the grain into small pieces. This type of wheat needs less liquid in it while cooking and cooks faster than whole-wheat flour. A substitute for cracked wheat is bulgur wheat. 

Desiccated beef liver powder: Desiccated beef liver powder is one of the best and most important ingredients that can be used in dog treats and cookies. This is a commercial product that is made out of beef liver, which has been dried and then reduced down to a powder. Believe it or not one pound of desiccated beef powder is equal to around ten pounds of beef liver. It can be found in health food stores. The substitute for desiccated beef liver powder with desiccated pork liver since it does have a higher nutritional content than the beef liver does.