| Dog behavior training tip & theory INTRODUCTION. It is necessary to understand some of the theory behind training before we can discuss and understand the different training methods used to train our dogs for obedience trials. Many of the terms used in training and behavior theory have become buzz words which are often confused and abused. Abusing these terms is one thing, misusing the training methods can result in behavior other than that which was intended by the trainer. MOTIVATION. Sane animals do not do anything unless there is a motive for it (the prospect of a reward). The animal does something because it satisfies a need. Motivation is the desire (sometimes compelling, irresistible and obsessive) to satisfy a need. Need motivates action. The need may be as basic as satisfying the physiological needs (hunger, thirst, sleep, sex) or as obscure as satisfying self actualization needs (attaining one's full potential). Generally speaking, satisfying the basic survival needs (Physiological and Security needs) will always take preference over satisfying the higher needs (social esteem, self actualization). The more 'comfortable' the animal i s (Physiological and Security needs are effortlessly met), the more sophisticated will be its needs. DRIVES. One of the best and most enduring articles ever written about drives and their relationship to training was written by Wendy Volhard. This is an important work because all dogs are not driven by the same instincts to the same degree. Read Wendy's article at: Drives A New Look at an Old Concept if you do so you will understand your dog a whole lot better. POSITIVE. In the context of modifying behavior 'positive' means: 'giving' something eg, giving praise, giving a treat, giving a spanking or giving a reprimand. NEGATIVE. In the context of modifying behavior 'negative' means: 'taking away or removing' something eg, ceasing praise, taking away pain, taking away privileges. STRENGTHENING. Strengthening a response simply means: making it more likely to reoccur. It is reinforcing (positively or negatively) that behavior. WEAKENING. Weakening a response simply means: making it less likely to reoccur. It involves punishing (positively or negatively) the behavior. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT. The giving of a pleasant event contingent on a behavior with the goal of increasing the likelihood of the behavior in the future (1). Example: You ask your dog to sit, the dog sits, you give the dog praise and immediately follow it up with a treat for doing what you asked. | 
