Description of the Female Dog's Reproductive Apparatus

In order to perfectly understand her behavior and temperament, you must start out by getting to know her own physiology better or, at least, her reproductive system -- how it acts and up to what degree is determining in your female dog's character; and, why not, also to understand all the mechanisms of reproduction itself. Up to this point, the first thing you must take into consideration is that the female reproductive organs are the same as in any other mammal, including humans. Of course, as it is logical, dogs are not entirely structured the same way, because as you well know, female dogs can give birth to lots of puppies in one litter. The reproductive organs are: the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus ( which is subdivided into the body of the uterus), the horns of the uterus and the vagina (which is separated from the uterus by the cervix and from the vulva by the vestibule).